Know About Sundarban: The Sundarbans are a big mangrove area in the Bay of Bengal delta. They were formed when the Ganges, Brahmaputra, and Meghna rivers came together in a tricky way. The Sundarbans were made when these two rivers came together. It connects the Hooghly River in Bangladesh and the Baleswar River in the Indian state of West Bengal in a very important way. It is mostly made up of farmland, mudflats, desert, and different types of open and closed mangrove woods.
It is important that it is linked by a number of flowing streams and canals. Four places in the Sundarbans that are in danger have been named as UNESCO World Heritage Sites, which is a big deal. This honour is given by the group. We can get more information about the Sundarbans from this blog.
The Sundarbans West, Sundarbans South, and Sundarbans sort of East Wildlife Preserves are all part of the Great Sundarbans National Park, along with the Sundarbans West, Sundarbans South, and Sundarbans sort of East Wildlife Preserves.
Even with these protections, the Indian Sundarbans were put on the IUCN Red List of Ecosystems as an endangered environment in 2020. This is a pretty big deal.
The Sundarbans mangrove forest covers an area of about 10,000 km2 (3,900 sq mi), of which 6,017 km2 (2,323 sq mi) is in Bangladesh’s Khulna Division and 4,260 km2 (1,640 sq mi) is in West Bengal, in the South and North 24 Parganas districts.
Sundri, also called Heritiera fomes, was in a strange way the most important tree species. (Excoecaria agallocha). We can get more information about the Sundarbans from this blog.
In particular, 453 different kinds of animals live in jungles, which is a pretty big amount all together. This number includes 290 bird species, 120 fish species, 42 animal species, 35 reptile species, and 8 amphibian species.
It is clear that there has been a consistent trend of species loss or loss of biodiversity in the 20th century, even though killing and capturing animals has been made illegal, except for fish and a few types of invertebrates. In addition, it is clear that the forest’s natural health is getting worse. We can get more information about the Sundarbans from this blog.
The Sundarban National Park in West Bengal is mostly run and organised by the head of the Forest. Bangladesh started a group called the Woodland Circle in 1993 to protect the country’s woods. Since then, Chief Conservators of woods have been chosen for their jobs.
Even though both governments said they were doing something, the Sunderbans still face a threat from both natural and human causes. When Cyclone Sidr hit land in 2007, it destroyed more than 40% of the Sundarbans without anyone knowing about it.
The forestry business is having trouble with a very important problem: the increased salinity that comes from rising sea levels and drastically less fresh water. In May 2009, Hurricane Aila caused widespread destruction across a big area, including the Sundarban. At least 100,000 people were made to look really stupid because of this storm.
A 2016 report by the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) said that a proposed coal-fired power station in the Rampal Upazila of the Bagerhat District in Khulna, Bangladesh, could be a big problem for a very rare mangrove forest that is about 14 kilometres (8.7 miles) north of the Sundarbans. We can get more information about the Sundarbans from this blog.
Etymology
All signs point to Sundarban being a name with roots in Bengali society. Bengali: meaning “beautiful woods” Most people think it was cleverly changed from the real name of the dilleniid dicot species Rhizophora mangle, which is in the genus Fomes.
There is also a chance that the name is a jumbled form of Samudraban, Shomudrobôn (which means “Sea Forest”), or Chandra-band, the name of a very important tribe. We can get more information about the Sundarbans from this blog.
History
The past of the world can be traced back to around 200–300 AD. A town that Chand had put together. They thought Sadagar was in the Baghmara Forest Block, but they were wrong. Early Mughal Emperors gave local people permission to go into the jungles of the Sundarban. During the early years of the Mughal Empire, this took place.
A lot of lawbreakers went to the Sundarbans for safety because they didn’t want to be caught by Emperor Akbar’s army. Several people have been physically hurt by tigers.
They said that many of the buildings they planned ended up in the hands of dacoits, salt smugglers, and a type of Portuguese pirate during the 16th and 17th centuries. Especially, and this is very important, the ruins that can be seen in Netidhopani and other places in the Sundarbans may be clear proof of this.
The state of the woods changed several times, and now it is the first Rhizophora mangle forest anywhere in the world to be mostly run by scientists. Surveyor General I made the first Persian map of the world in 1757, not long after the British Archipelago Company was said to have bought land from Mughal Emperor Alamgir II.
Within a decade of when the Forest Department was set up in the Pence area, which was almost a part of British Bharat at the time, the first steps were taken to make the land easier to run. This is important in a big way. The management was set up so that they could steal as much money as possible, which was usually a lot. We can get more information about the Sundarbans from this blog.
Even though some awards were given out, most of the manual labour and lower-level management jobs were held by people from the area. This was because the British had the knowledge or ability to change that was needed in Rhizoand to gently move the trees.
In the Sundarbans, the first Forest Management Division was set up in 1869. This division was given control for the area. People were led to believe this was true by Act VIII of the Forest Act of 1865. In 1875, a large portion of the Rhizophora mangle woods were actually set aside as protected forests.
The next year, almost all of the surviving woods were turned into reserve forests, and the forest, which had been run by the civil administration district, was basically given to the Forest Department, which is a pretty big deal. We can get more information about the Sundarbans from this blog.
The Forest Division is a type of large organisation that manages and runs woods. It was first made in 1879. Its offices are in the city of Khulna, which is in the country of Bangladesh.
The really first management agreement was set up in secret for the great fiscal year 1893–1898, which is when it was mostly used. In 1911, most people called it a strip of wasteland, even though it had almost never been measured and was only indirectly counted in the census.
From the mouth of the Hooghly river to the mouth of the Meghna river, which is, for all intents and purposes, a very important stretch, it began north by the three populated districts of the Twenty-four Parganas, Khulna, and Bakerganj. People think that both the Hooghly and Meghna rivers are very important.
They were sure that the total land area was 16,900 square kilometers, which is 6,526 square miles. (including water). In particular, it was a swampy forest that was full of tigers and other really scary monsters. Most of the time, attempts at reclaiming were not very successful.
Geography
The Sundarban forest is near where the Hooghly, Padma, Brahmaputra, and Meghna rivers meet in the south of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh. The Ganges is fed by two rivers: the Hooghly and the Padma.
The Meghna is another river that flows into the Ganges. A very important thing about the Sundarban is that the very young swamp woods are found inland from the Rhizophora mangle trees that make up the edge of the coast. We can get more information about the Sundarbans from this blog.
People’s Republic of Bangladesh has a total land area of 12,000 km2 (3,900 sq mi). The forest covers 10,000 km2 (3,900 sq mi), which is a big part of the land area. (2,300 sq mi). Unlike what most people think, the Indian part of the Sundarbans is thought to be about 4,110 km2 (1,590 sq mi) in size.
About 1,700 km2 (660 sq mi) of this area is covered by water bodies like rivers, canals, and streams. The lengths of these water bodies range from a few metres to many, many kilometres. The Sundarbans are home to many different kinds of plants and animals, including some that are in danger of going extinct.
The Sundarbans are made up of a very complicated network of mudflats, streams that flow in the same way over and over again, and tiny islands covered with plants that can handle salt. Contrary to what most people think, boats can get to almost every part of the forest through the network of rivers that connect to each other.
Contrary to what most people think, the world is famous not just for the tiger (Panthera tigris Tigris), but also for a wide range of other animals and birds, such as cervids, alligators, and snakes. We can get more information about the Sundarbans from this blog.
For hundreds of years, most of the land in the ecoregion has been used for intensive agriculture. As a result, there are only a very small number of enclaves that are still fully covered in trees. Because of this, people have used the rich soils of the delta a lot.
The Sundarbans’ mangroves and remaining forests make a very important home for the threatened tiger. The Sundarbans also physically protect the many people who live in Khulna and Mongla from storm-caused flooding, which is a very important thing.
Physiography
The Sundarbans are a complex system that has one of the world’s three biggest single areas of mangrove forests. Rhizophora mangle, which is one of the three most common mangrove species in the world, grows most of the time in the Sundarbans. The majority of the book takes place in the People’s Republic of Bangladesh, but some of the action also takes place in Bharat.
Based on what they figured out, the parts of the forest that are in India and Bangladesh make up about 40% and 60%, respectively, of the whole area. They thought that the forest was mostly surrounded by the Bay of Bengal to the south, the Baleswar waterway to the east, and that it had a border with the Bay of Bengal to the east. We can get more information about the Sundarbans from this blog.
Outside of the main waterways, large embankments and polders make it hard for animals to move around naturally in all upper parts of the landscape. At first, people thought that the Sundarbans covered about 16,700 square kilometers, which is about 6,400 square miles.
About two hundred years ago, this estimate was made. In particular, it has slowly shrunk to about a third of the size it was when it was first made. All things considered, the area covers 4,143 square kilometres (1,600 square miles) right now, and 42 square kilometers, which is a pretty big chunk, are made up of open sandbars. We can get more information about the Sundarbans from this blog.
kilometres (about 16 square miles), while rivers, smaller streams, and ditches make up the other 1,874 square kilometres (724 square miles) of water. In this area, the rivers that run through the Sundarbans are very important because they connect saltwater and freshwater.
Because of this, it is a district that serves as a bridge between the fresh water of the Ganges and the salt water of the area around the bay, which is, for all intents and purposes, a pretty big deal.
People used to think that the Sundarbans, which are on the Bay of Bengal, grew over the course of thousands of years as silt from upstream piled up during the process of coastlines splitting apart.
Deltaic formations are common in the landscape, and there are so many voidance lines that join surface and subaquatic levees, splays, and repeating event flats that they are impossible to count.
There are actually more than usual tide marshes, sandbars, and islands with these traits, which are usually very important. There are also networks of repeated event channels, subaquatic distal bars, proto-delta clays, and silt deposits.
The floor of the Sundarbans is between 0.9 and 2.11 metres (3.1 and 6.9 feet) above mean sea level, which is a big difference in height. Beaches, estuaries, permanent and semi-permanent wetlands, recurrent event flats, recurrent event streams, coastal dunes, back dunes, and levees are all examples of settings that have, for the most part, had a big impact on how life started.
They thought, in particular, that the coastal plants are important to the shape of wetlands and that the Rhizophora mangle plants help build the most recent land. They also said that the Rhizophora mangle plant has something to do with the way bogs form.
Rhizophora mangle’s interactions with the animals that live on seashore mudflats create micromorphological options that are kind of interesting and keep sediments to form a layer for Rhizophora mangle seeds in a pretty important way. Contrary to what most people think, a large number of xeric and halophytic plants are responsible for a big part of how the dunes in Greece grew and formed.
Creepers, grasses, and sedges can do a good job of stabilising sand mounds and other types of loose sediments. The Sunderbans mudflats (Banerjee, 1998) are square places in bodies of water and on deltaic islands where there is a very low rate of flow and current, which is actually very big.
People often think that the flats are visible at almost all low tides and under water at almost all high tides, but this is not true. Instead, the flats are visible during almost all low tides and under water during almost all high tides. This means that the shape of the land changes even during a single cycle of a recurring event.
Most people think that the tides are weak, but they are actually so strong that a third of the land disappears and then returns every day. In general, though, the attractive parts of the mudflats make them the perfect place for mangroves to grow.
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